Aortic insufficiency Quiz

A middle aged, 6ft tall and 195 pounds patient presents to your office with severe SOB. He denies chest pain but complains of orthopnea as well. He had an AVR a few months back. He does not have any coronary disease. His operative report suggests that he had a 21 mm bioprosthetic AVR without complication. You examine him and detect a moderate systolic murmur. He also has pedal edema and crackles in his lungs. TTE shows a mean gradient of 25mmHg and a properly placed aortic valve with no evidence of peri-valvular leak and mild to moderate mitral regurgitation. His indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) is calculated to be less than 0.6. You plan to:

A patient presents with asymptomatic severe aortic insufficiency. Which of the following LV cavity measurements is an operative indication for valve replacement?

Which of the following parameters is indicative of severe aortic insufficiency?

After completing mitral valve replacement, the heart rapidly distends after removing the cross clamp. Which of the following is the correct diagnosis and management?

A 45 year old female is diagnosed with mixed moderate aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation related to a bicuspid aortic valve. The aortic root and aorta is not dilated. Which of the following is the appropriate treatment plan?